Improvement in base-burning stoves for heating and cooking



I. V. B. CARTER 8L1. D'WYER. I Improvement in Base-Burning Stoves for Heating and Cooking.

a tented 0ct. 8,1872.

\m um MW 4/. 4115M JOHN V. B. CARTER AND JAMES DWYER, OF- DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOF.

PATENT OFFICE.

I TOTHE DETROIT STOVE-WORKS, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BASE-BURNING STOVES FOR HEATINGAND COOKING.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 131,936, dated October 8, 1872.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN V.'B. CARTER,

' and JAMES DWYER, of Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Base-Burning Stoves and we do declare that the following is a true and accurate description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing and to the letters of reference marked thereon and being a part of this specification, in which' Figure 1 is a perspective view of our stove with a parlor-oven attached; Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same without the oven; Fig. 3 is a plan or top view of thbase-plate; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the combustion-sleeve; Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the magazine with the sleeve, Fig. 4, removed; Fig. 6 is a cross-section of the oven; Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the ash and dust plate inverted to show the shaker-studs; Fig.

8 is a perspective view of the fire-pot from the rear side, with the near-side wall of the base-chamber cut away to show the co rse o p the heated currents through the basee;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the oven, which may be attached to the back of the stove;

Fig. 10 is a perspective View of the grate and its jointed shaker-arm; and Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the spider which supports the grate.

Like letters refer to like parts in each figure.

Nature and Objects of -ow Invention.

The nature of our invention relates to certain improvements in that class of heatingstoves in which anthracite coal is used as fuel,

and are known as base-heaters, and also in the construction, and arrangement with re-' lation thereto, of 1 an oven, which may be attached to stoves of this class, and in which baking and cooking generallymay be successfully carried on, instead of its being merely a hot-closet, as has heretofore been the case.

The objects of our invention are, first, to secure perfect combustion of the fuel and gases; second, to make the whole surface of the stove, and especially that of the base, available as radiating-surface; third, to consumeany gases generated in the coal contained in the magazine by drawing the said gases into the comdrawn into the combustion-chamber and consumed, instead of being thrown into the apartment; second, in the peculiar construction of the grate and the tilting spider which supports it 5 third, in the construction and arrangement of the base-chamber and base-flue with relation to the fire-pot and ash-pit fourth, in the peculiar construction of an oven and its attachment to the stove in such a manner that the back of a fire-pot may radiate its heat to the front plate of the oven-lining, and the heated currents may pass entirely around the lining of the oven 5 and fifth, in the general construction and arrangement of the various parts with relation to each other, as more fully hereinafter set forth.

In the drawing, A represents a circular base-plate cast with a depression, A, Fig. 3, to form a base chamber and flue. B is an ash-box resting on the base-plate, covering that partof the base chamber and flue inclosed in the dotted lines in Fig. 3. The space above the mouth of the base-flue, at its rear end, is inclosed by projecting sides of the ash-box, as at B, Fig. 8. On top of side of which is a rib, b. E is the fire-pot section of the stove-cylinder, and sleeved over the base-ring with a vertical opening at the back, with a flange, c, at each side projecting outwardly, and another, d, projecting inwardly, and, coming between the ribs 00 a of the fire-pot, form the back flue. The lower ends of the flanges c engage with the ribs 12 of the base-ring to form a joint, which may be cemented in the usual manner. 6 is the pipecollar at the top of the back flue, wflich may have its back closed by a plain plate,'or by attaching the oven F, Fig. 9. In either case the back part of the fire-pot forms the front wall of the back flue. The oven has a flange, f, at the top front edge, which hooks under the ring at the base of the flue-collar e,-and a flange, j", at the lower front edge, which hooks over the edge of the opening in the back of the base-ring D, which holds it in place. It has also two vertical ribs, 9, which embrace the edges of the flanges c of the fire-pot section E, to make a gas-tight joint when properly cemented. It is also provided with a horizontal partition-plate, F, extending to the fire-pot, so that when the draft is reverted through the base of the stove this plate will arrest the upward passage of the heated currents through the back fine and compel them to pass around three sides of the double oven before finding an exit through the top or collar e of the back flue, as shown by the arrows in Fig. 6. The oven is doublewalled, as shown in the drawing, from which its construction will be readily understood. G is the micasection or combustion chamber, perforated with window-like openings glazed with sheetmica. At the back of this section, (which rests on the fire-pot section,) there is a direct draft-flue, H, leading into the smoke-pipe I, which is mounted on the collar of the back fine. The flue H is provided with a damper, J, to cut off the direct draft when desired. K is the magazine-section, surmounted by a suitable top, and which is provided with a swinging cover, L. M is the magazine, whose lower end is inclined diagonally toward the back part of the fire-pot, and whose mouth is cut away obliquely, as seen in Figs. 2 and 5, to cause the coal to bank up high from the center of the fire-pot toward the front, and thus to light up the stove to better advantage, and consequently make the room more cheerful. At the intersection of the angles of the magazine it is provided with several radial plates, h, inclined upward, and are bolted at their ends to the ring G at the top of the mica-section. Around the mouth of the magazine is a series of projecting-studs, i, Fig. 5, and over that part is slipped acombustionsleeve, N, provided with radial semi-cylindrical air-ducts j, at the top, which, lying up against the plates h when the sleeve is bolted to place, form air-passages through apertures in the ring G to the mouth of the magazine. The ring G is provided with an annular airregister, 70, through which air may enter, pass down the air-ducts thence between the sleeve and the magazine into the combustion-chamber, where mingling with the gases of the incandescent fuel ignites them from the moment it issues from the narrow annular space at the mouth of the magazine. The ignition takes place early in the min glin g of the oxygen with the gases, because the formeris heated to a high degree in its passage through the sleeve, and it also preserves the metal from the destructive effect of the great heat arisin g from the fuel by keeping the metal walls of the magazine and sleeve at a lower temperature than they would otherwise be subjected to. The hopper O at the top of the reservoir at its upper edge fits snugly against the under side of the top, or may be jointed thereto with cement. It is ogee-shaped in cross-section, and is cast with a row of pendent studs, l, on the outer side, which support it on the top of the magazine, the ogee-form of which makes a capacious gas-chamber, m, above the fuel, while the interstices between the studs allow the gases which maybe evolved from the fuel in the magazine to pass out, as shown by the arrows in Figs. 2 and 5, and by the draft of the stove be drawn down into the combustion-chamber and be consumed, in-

stead of escaping into the apartment through the joints of the cover, to the detriment of its occupants, and which is one of the principal objections urged against magazine-stoves. P is a rotary or mill grate cast with an arm, n, at the front edge, to which is hinged another arm, n, having cored in its outer end a hooked or curved socket, shown in dotted outline in Fig. 10. The grate rests on and is pivoted to a center stud on a pair of trunnions, Q, pivoted in the ash-pit below the fire-pot in bearings cast in the side walls of the ash-pit. The trunnions are cast with a shorter pair of arms, Q, crossing them at right angles, the whole forming a spider, which supports the grate at four points, and thus prevents it from sagging under the weight of the fuel when heated to a high degree, as such grates very frequently do. The arm n of the grate rests upon a ledge segment projecting inward at the lower front edges of the section E lying just inside the horizontal slot 0, Figs. 1 and 2, through which the curved end of a shakerrod may be introduced into the curved socket in the extremity of the arm, when the grate may be shaken by vibrating the shaker-rod. to dump or tilt the grate the attendant exerts an inward thrust on the shaker, which causes the joint in the arm to fall and thus tilt the grate; to return the grate to its proper position he exerts a direct pull on the shaker-rod, which will raise the joint in the arm to its proper plane, the curve of the point of the shaker-rod preventing it from being drawn out of the curved socket with a direct pull. Inasmuch as some dust and ashes will be carried over the edge of the fire-pot by the draft and be deposited on the top plate of the ashbox, we make use of the plate B, Fig. 7, to remove them. On the under side of this plate are two pendent studs, 11, which are inserted through a segmental slot, q, Fig. 8, in the top of the ash-box, and embrace the arm n of the grate; the plate is somewhat longer than the box is wide, so that each time the grate is shaken the plate will be vibrated also, and the accumulation dumped into the base-chamber A, whence it is readily removed through a door in the base as often as may be necessary.

In kindling a fire in our stove the damper should be closed and the draft-register'k opened to admit a supply of air, which passes down between the sleeve and the lower end of the magazine, and is delivered in a heated thin sheet to the surface of the incandescent fuel, where it mingles with the gases of combustion, ignites and consumes them the heated currents pass over the edge of the firepot and enter the passage A under the ashpit, passing back. and up the back flue, they are arrestcdby the plate F of the oven, around which they are compelled to make the circuit before f nding an exit through the smoke-pipe, as shown by the arrows in Figs. 2, 6, and 8 5 if the oven be not attached to the stove the'currents pass from the baseflue up the back flue and into the smoke-pipe. By revolvin g the annular register 70 the draft may be graduated to the requirements of the space to be warmed by the stove, or be shut oif altogether and allow the fuel to smolder in the fire-pot. i

As every part of the exterior of the stove is subjected to the action of theheated currents, it is evident that every part is available for heat-radiating, and consequently the stove must prove a powerful as well as an economical heater.

It will be noticedthat the fire-pot is set as far back as possible with its back wall vertical, and its front wall inclined forward, by which we accomplish two important resultsthe one is, that the elongation of the fire-pot at the top increases the capacity in a stove of a given diameter, while the bottom of the potbeing circular, the fuel in the upper part is not agitated in the rotation of the grate; the other is, that as the back of the fire-pot forms the front wall of the back flue the air in that flue is rarefied, and the draft prevented from becoming sluggish.

Claims.

Having thus described our stove, what we claim as new,-and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The hopper 0 provided with the supporting-studs Z for supporting it above the magazine M, as and for the purpose specified.

2. The rotating and tilting grate P, when provided with the jointed arms at n, the latter with the cavity inits ends, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The spider Q Q, constructed as" shown,

for supporting the'grate, as herein set forth.

4. The plate R, provided with the studs 1) p, in combination with the grate-arm and the slot q of the ash-pit top, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The depression A in the base-plate A, which, with the ash-box bottom, forms the base-flue, as shown and set forth.

6. The prolongations B B of the side walls of the aslrbox and the flanges d d of the section E, and anoven or a plain back plate, which, in combination with the fire-pot, form the back-flue, substantially as described.

7. The double-walled oven F, provided with the partition F projecting into and closing the back fiue of a base-heating stove to compel the heated currents to pass around the oven before finding an exit at the smoke-pipe,

substantially as described and shown.

8. The construction and arrangement of the base-plate A A, ash-box B, fire-pot O, annular sections D E G G K, cover L, magazine M, combustion-sleeve N, plates h, air-ductsj, register is, hopper O, flue H, damper J, and smoke-pipe I, substantially in the manner described, and for the purposes set forth.

Witnesses:

H. F. EBERTS,

H. S. SPRAGUE. 

